Dolphins production soon
Little Dolphin’s tail first appeared.
Emerge as the mother’s body an blood, cute little dolphin birth attendant.
Dolphins immediately adapted to the water environment, and swim with her mother up.
Shortly after birth in the dolphins, mother nose to help it emerge
Dolphins began to follow her mother to learn jumping.
You know what?
Korean girls favorite dish in the end is what?
The answer is fried cakes rule! ! In the women’s high school, Women’s University is easy to see the snack bar. Told me today with a look at what snacks.
Fried cake section (general) 2,500 won / person equivalent to about 21 yuan RMB
Zha Jiang fried cake section 2,500 won / person equivalent to about 21 yuan RMB
Article custard cake fried won 3,000 / person
Article custard pudding with a more savory fried! Equivalent to about 25 yuan RMB
First, the meaning of life force
-of-life power, meaning that people intentionally or inadvertently used to promote their own survival in the whole life process, or continue forward with the development of inner strength. Motivations at least three distinct features: First of all, life is a life force has a direct role in promoting the power; Second, power has a social culture of life, that life is dynamic as the direction of a force, its direction is not only point to a target, more social and cultural connotations; again, the driving force of people's lives regardless of their origin, their people must enter the spiritual world, may be conscious level, may also unconscious level, but I fear, are transformed into people's hearts power. In fact, the same external factors are not necessarily different people can be transformed into a living force. For example, the phrase "the pressure is the driving force," in fact the pressure is external, power is inherent, whether the former into the latter, of course, depends on the different actors.
Seen in this light, power on the one hand similar to the psychological needs of life have a direct role in the psychological drive to urge the actors to pursue a certain life goals, to gain psychological satisfaction; the other hand, has similar values of life force, is that people exposure to social and cultural background to some of the world, life and choice of behavior to judge the direction. In fact, the life force is a given value-oriented psychological needs, but also a psychological needs have been integrated into the value orientation.
Second, the internal structure of living force
1. Factors that constitute the life force. Survey of contemporary Chinese people stronger motivations are: (1) expectations of child development, mainly for the efforts to create conditions for the future development of their children; (2) the pursuit of wealth, mainly for the hope to make more money; ( 3) the pursuit of family well-being, mainly in pursuit of comfortable and harmonious family life; (4) Social comparison, mainly for the more highly of themselves to others; (5) the pursuit of a safe life, mainly for the hope that the ordinary, safely over a lifetime; (6) do our part, mainly to do their work or share of it; (7) self-realization, mainly to give full play to their talent; (8) the pursuit of social contributions, which made to the society a greater contribution; (9) fun pursuit, that the pursuit of personal happiness in the fun.
2. Motivations of the sort pattern. Further statistics show that the average intensity of nine motivations were (set the "very identity" score of 1, "can not agree" a score of 2, "more agreeable to" score of 3, "It is recognized," a score of 4): ranked first is children's development aspirations, the mean of 3.43, the intensity far beyond the "relatively agree" level; the second is the pursuit of wealth, the mean 3.34, intensity far beyond the "relatively agree" level; the third is the pursuit of happiness and interpersonal comparison family tie, the mean was 3.28 and 3.26, respectively, no significant difference between the intensity significantly beyond the "comparative agree "level; the fourth is the pursuit of peace and do their best to tie their lives, their average was 3.21 and 3.19, respectively, no significant difference between the intensity than the same" relatively agree "level; fifth bit of self-realization, the mean was 3.07, slightly beyond the strength of "more agreeable level; sixth in the pursuit of social contribution, the average is 3.03, the intensity is almost in a" relatively agree "level; seventh in the pursuit of life interest, the mean of 2.96, the intensity close to the "relatively agree" level.
3. Correlation between the different motivations. Correlation analysis showed that different motivations exist among a significant degree of correlation. Among them, the higher degree of correlation matching relations: the pursuit of self-realization and contribution to society; the pursuit of domestic happiness and do our part; the development of interpersonal expectations compared with their children; pursuit of a happy family life and the pursuit of peace. In contrast, slightly lower correlation matching relations: self-fulfillment and the pursuit of a safe life; the pursuit of life, contribute to peace and recovery to the community; the pursuit of social contributions and the pursuit of a happy family; to pursue hobbies and the pursuit of a safe life; self-fulfillment and the pursuit of family happiness; the pursuit of a safe life and interpersonal comparison.
Three different groups of living force
1. Gender and life force. Survey of women in the pursuit of a happy family, do our part, and the pursuit of life, life force peace on the three was stronger than men; the contrast, relatively strong men driving force of life is the pursuit of wealth, the pursuit of self-realization and contribution to society. The pursuit of hobbies, children develop expectations and interpersonal comparison of three motivations, there is no any difference between men and women.
2. Age and life force. Expectations for children's development, the pursuit of a happy family and do our part and the pursuit of life, peace and other motivations, the whole show, "the older, stronger identity," the trend; and the pursuit of wealth, self-realization, the pursuit of life goals and interpersonal comparison of motivations, it is obviously stronger than in the young, the elderly. Contribution to the life in the pursuit of social power, between different age groups, no significant difference.
3. Level of education and life force. On the level of education and the pursuit of a happy family and do our part and seek a safe life of three life terms of the relationship dynamics, the overall situation is inversely proportional to the lower level of education, the higher its level of acceptance, especially in junior high school degree and high school level is a watershed between. On the level of education and self-realization, the pursuit of life goals and the pursuit of social contributions to the relationship between the three motivations, its overall situation is similar to the proportional, that is, the higher level of education, the higher the degree of their identity, which, university level and high school degree is a clear dividing line between. On the pursuit of wealth in this life force, the most prominent is the middle level of the crowd. Expectations on children's development and interpersonal comparison of two motivations, the junior and senior high school education high scores of people.
4. Political landscape and the life force. Between party members and the general public interest in the pursuit of life, children develop expectations and interpersonal comparison of life there was no significant difference in power. Group members have a strong life force: the pursuit of social contributions and self-realization. In contrast, the general public group was significantly stronger than the party's motivations are: the pursuit of a happy family, do our part, the pursuit of wealth and the pursuit of a safe life.
5. Religious beliefs and motivations. There was no religious groups, religious groups and the main driving force of life in the pursuit of wealth, there was significant difference, that no religious groups, religious groups than those with more wealth with the pursuit of power.
6. Urban and rural identity and motivations. Residents have a strong life force: the pursuit of social contributions, the pursuit of life goals and self-realization; contrast, rural residents live in the following power on the more prominent: the pursuit of a happy family, do our part, the pursuit of wealth and the pursuit of a safe life . Urban and rural residents in child development expectations and interpersonal motivations on comparing the two is not significant.
7. Socio-economic status and life force. People of different socio-economic status of families in the pursuit of happiness, wealth and children to pursue the development of the three motivations expect no significant difference; socio-economic status of people with high motivation in life are also the following stronger: interpersonal comparison, the pursuit of life goals, the pursuit of social contributions and self-realization. Low socio-economic status of people have strong motivations: do our part and the pursuit of a safe life.
Fourth, the basic conclusions
From the survey results and statistical analysis point of view, the most important contemporary Chinese life force is the children's development aspirations, the pursuit of wealth, the pursuit of family well-being and interpersonal comparison; followed by the pursuit of life, peace and play their part; again of self-realization, the pursuit of contribution to society and the pursuit of zest for life.
It should be said, expect their children to have good development, the pursuit of happiness of family life and interpersonal comparison, is the ancient Chinese cultural tradition of the pursuit of life, Chinese culture has not changed this internal drive. The pursuit of wealth, power rating of the top three ranks of life, life in China is obviously a huge change in power, but also of contemporary Chinese life force is an important characteristic.
In addition, self-fulfillment and the pursuit of personal taste surprisingly the two motivations are to achieve "more agreeable to" level, and interests associated with the pursuit of speaking, contemporary Chinese life force obviously has a sense of ownership of individual character. Of course, the contemporary Chinese life force on the individual self-consciousness does not cover, reduce their sense of social responsibility, the pursuit of social contributions to the life of the intensity of the same power to reach a "relatively agree" level. While the pursuit of social contributions to the life of power and wealth and the pursuit, the pursuit of individual self-realization and the correlation between the taste of life is not high, but after all, a significant positive correlation. In other words, the contemporary Chinese life force on the individual self-awareness and social responsibility are not conflicting, but a certain degree of mutual improvement. In addition, the individual's life force is in the evolving social reality, must be from the personal background characteristics, growth experience and the impact of various socio-cultural factors.
Original Source: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute
2007-12-13
Cognitive psychology originated in the 20th century, 50′s to the 1967 publication of N. “Cognitive Psychology,” a book marked. The rise of cognitive psychology called the second revolution of Psychology (the first revolution was the rise of behaviorism), become the dominant trend of psychology. It to study the psychological process of the senior people, primarily cognitive processes, such as attention, perception, image, memory, thinking and language.
The rapid rise of cognitive psychology broaden their field of study in psychology, object and methods, but also some adjacent disciplines of research and related areas of practice have wide impact, and its theory in sociology, education, management, politics science, linguistics, anthropology and other disciplines and areas of universal application. Not only emphasizes the study of cognitive psychology and psychological mechanisms of human consciousness, but also stressed that the behavior of people affected by their cognitive processes and constraints. Different from the behavior of psychology, cognitive psychology, psychology against the inner man out of the psychology of consciousness, the claim is within the knowledge can be explained and predicted behavior, and constitute an important basis for individual behavior. Cognitive Psychology in the specific study, commonly used by experiment, observation and computer simulation methods. Perception, image as the basic areas of cognitive psychology and the object, revealing the inner mechanisms of cognitive psychology to in-depth analysis and understanding of human behavior has an important role.
People rely on sensation and perception to understand the world around, and perceived as a higher level of abstraction activities, through the organization and interpretation of sensory information in order to complete a series of information processing and handling. When an actor receives information or stimulated by the environment, stimuli, when will the formation of stimulating factors in this information or the perception that the selection of information, or to stimulate, organize, and judge. Then the actors perceived to be organized and processed information, and according to their own understanding of the stimulus response. Human behavior in the relative nature of perception, selective, integrity, constancy and organizational aspects of the psychological characteristics of five. Overall, the perception depends on the individual’s knowledge and past experience, perception of information is the reality of information and memory information to stimulate the result of the interaction. In response or take some action before, there will always be an internal decision-making process, this process is the basis of individual images in the already available information on the integration were completed. But such a decision-making process, the actual means to stimulate the output of the input and response there is an intermediate between the psychological processes or internal cognitive processes. Knowledge of human behavior can not be separated, and the nature of cognition is symbolic computation and information processing.
Moreover, cognitive psychology that perception and image are closely related, perceptual image is already stored as the reproduction, modification, or processed form of the new image. Activity is perceived when the image applied to certain cognitive processes used, and the image is activated by the appropriate knowledge on the perception of expectations. Image formation is often a kind of selective perception, wrong perception and perceptual distortions in the ongoing process. Cognitive psychologists view, the image and perception of difference is that perception is reality directly on the sensory stimulus generated when, depends on the current input information; and the current image is not dependent on direct stimulation, there is no corresponding information input has been stored in the memory depends on the information and the corresponding process. As a result, image information obtained as a product of people in the past, it is not a general accumulation of information, but a highly structured information cognitive schemata. When faced with an individual in specific complex, uncertain problem, due to time, information and information processing capacity constraints, can not strictly rational to collect all the information on an objective analysis of issues; was driven by psychological inertia, It is always possible to save cognitive energy, reduce the cognitive burden of trying to find a shortcut to understanding and thus more unconsciously rely on existing imagery in decision-making and behavior. In real life, this cognitive strategies often enable us to make quick judgments of various phenomena and interpretation, such as “one leaves were gone and Zhiqiu” is a very effective rule of thumb. Construction of the individual images of the world’s knowledge, actors often will new information into the existing mental structure, which contradict with the existing image information is often forcibly transformed into line with the information or abandon, in order to This enhanced their already inherent cognitive framework to simplify the world in their minds the image, and this perception may be a mistake.
Erroneous perception that actors receive information or to stimulate the understanding and judgments deviated from the actual situation. As the perception depends on the knowledge and experience of the past, not the objective truth of the stimulus itself, but the perception of the stimulus acts determines the final response to stimuli. In this case, it could lead to the distortion of features to stimulate their own perception of the phenomenon or distort the truth. Once the perceived error, the error will be understood to make the wrong response. Can be seen in the individual decision-making process, perception plays an important role, actors often lead to erroneous perception of the important reasons of wrongdoing. The wrong perception of the main causes are: first, consistent with the phenomenon of cognition. That actors on the world’s existing understanding of the formation of a fixed cognitive trends affecting actors in the treatment of information, when they receive new information when new information is always subconsciously forced to remain with their original understanding of consistent with this and even distorted information, while those with contrary information is often filtered out or ignored. Second, evoked potential set. That actors receive information, often focus on their immediate problems and to consider the fixed accordingly interpret the information they receive, the actual situation is probably the concern has nothing to do with the current, resulting in an error perception. Third, the historical baggage. Some individuals have experienced a significant impact on their lives matter, often encountered in the current reality of what happened with previous major events a simple mechanical analogy, this is actually in the far-fetched, resulting in perceived error.
It should be noted by the error does not necessarily perceived effect on the results of all the negative, erroneous perception of the key depends on the individual consciousness in the form of how the images, different image of the guidelines produced different results. Rosenthal 1968, psychologists have done this connection, a famous experiment, he was to a primary school teacher in Boston, announced by the tests found that some students have extraordinary potential, will be shown in the academic year superior intelligence and achieve excellent results. Teachers have believed it, and in fact these students did not go through any tests, but were randomly extracted. The actual results of the final year, these are indeed the children were randomly selected out of nearly 1 / 3 of people have some degree of intelligence and achievement to improve, but initially they and other students, the average IQ is the same. The reason for this result is because the authority of teachers believe Rosenthal, formed in the consciousness of students selected on Rosenthal’s good image, not consciously put more education act, naturally to produce good educational outcomes. This experiment in cognitive psychology called “self-fulfilling prophecy” effect, its essential meaning is the individual to have a will what happens to the image, making possible things that become a reality. That is, the formation of an image once the individual, he will send the images as real, so moving in this direction to prepare for or to. In the end, his actions make images become a reality, in order to achieve the predictions. The surface is the exact image, but in fact caused by the image of the psychological effect, and then lead to psychological or behavioral tendencies, so there is no necessity of an original image finally came true.
Source: http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2007-06/26/content_629030.htm
